Optimization-Based Antenna Miniaturization Using Adaptively Adjusted Penalty Factors

The continuing trend for miniaturization of electronic devices necessitates size reduction the comprising components and circuitry. Specifically, integrated circuit-antenna modules therein require compact radiators in applications such as 5G communications, implantable on-body devices, or internet things (IoT). conflict between demands electrical field performance can be mitigated by means constrained numerical optimization. Evaluation performance-related constraints requires expensive electromagnetic (EM) analysis system at hand; therefore, their explicit handling is inconvenient. A workaround penalty function approach where primary objective (typically, antenna size) complemented additional terms quantifying possible constraint violations. coefficients that determine contributions these are normally adjusted manually, which hinders precise control over figures often leads to inferior results achieved rates. This paper proposes a novel algorithm featuring an automated adjustment factors throughout optimization process. Our methodology validated using three broadband structures. obtained demonstrate presented adaptive permits violations while leading better rates compared manual term setup.